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The price of Titanium Dioxide in Taiwan rose considerably throughout December 2018, reaching 3,750 USD per metric ton.  The price in Taiwan is 10% higher than the average price in the previous month and 1% higher than the average price one year before. In contrast, Titanium Dioxide prices in India were flat during December 2018, and were decline when compared to the average price in the preceding yeara decline of 3% from the previous year’s price. 

In a study published in 2022 in the journal Particle and Fibre Technology, researchers examined the impact of maternal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in newborn offspring mice. They found that “a chronic exposure to TiO2 NPs during pregnancy alters the respiratory activity of offspring, characterized by an abnormally elevated rate of breathing.” Breathing was also shown to be “significantly and abnormally accelerated,” and the ability for neural circuitry to effectively adjust breathing rates was impaired. The researchers concluded: “Our findings thus demonstrate that a maternal exposure to TiO2 NPs during pregnancy affects the normal development and operation of the respiratory centers in progeny.”

It's also used in sunscreens as a UV filtering ingredient, helping to protect a person's skin by blocking absorption the ultraviolet light that can cause sunburn and cancer.

The most significant uncertainty identified by the EU experts was the concern that TiO₂ particles may have genotoxic effects. Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a chemical to directly damage genetic material within a cell (DNA), which may lead to cancer in certain situations. Although the experts did not conclude that TiO₂ particles in E171 are genotoxic, they could not rule out the concern that they might be.

People eating lots of candy should be more worried about the sugar and how it can cause high blood pressure and obesity, says Westerhoff.