But in the U.S., titanium dioxide is found all over the grocery shelves. Candy like Skittles, Starbursts, and Jell-O, gum like Trident White peppermint gum and Mentos Freshmint Gum, cake products like Duncan Hines Creamy Vanilla Frosting, and Nabisco Chips Ahoy! cookies are just a few of the myriad food items that contain the additive.
Fig. 1. Weight loss (%) of vitaminB2@P25TiO2NPs.
Hemolysis was studied on suspensions of P25TiO2NPs (0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL), vitaminB2@P25TiO2NPs (0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL) and vitamin B2 (0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL) were prepared and mixed with 500 μL of anticoagulated blood (donated by Laboratorio de Hemoderivados, UNC) in a rate of 1/10. A solution of NaCl 10% was used as the positive control and PBS as the negative control. Then, the samples were irradiated using the LED described above for 3 and 6 h to simulate the light penetration into the skin. Also, a set of samples was kept in the dark as control. Finally, the samples were centrifuged and the absorbance at 540 nm was measured in the supernatants. The experiment was reproduced twice; the standard deviation was calculated and p-value < 0.05 were considered significant.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has listed titanium dioxide as a Group 2B carcinogen — an agent that may be carcinogenic but lacks sufficient animal and human research. This has caused concern for its safety in food products (11, 12).
2. Hazard identification The MSDS should outline any potential hazards associated with the handling and use of lithopone. This includes information on the physical and chemical properties of the product, as well as any potential health hazards or environmental risks.